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Volumes are attributed to a group only for clinicians affiliated with exactly one group. Clinicians in several groups are listed ("member of N groups") but shown as "—" — their volume is not attributed to any single group. A "—" on a single-group clinician means CMS suppressed the figure (fewer than 11 beneficiaries), never zero. Beneficiary-episodes count CMS's per-setting beneficiary figures, not unique patients. Average Medicare payment is the amount Medicare actually paid per service, weighted by service volume across office and facility settings. Where the roster is a single clinician, that clinician's service counts match the group's attributed volume shown on the ranked results, so they are shown here; the per-provider split across a larger roster is a premium feature. See Methods & Sources.